Table 4.
Multiple regression models for predictors of blood biomarkers (weighted, females 18-45y, NDNS 2008-2019). Results are presented as β (95% CI). Significant p-values (< 0.05) are shown in bold red
| Predictor | Serum B12 | HoloTC | RBC Folate | Serum folate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 856 | 398 | 820 | 856 |
| R2 | 0.098 | 0.081 | 0.071 | 0.089 |
| Intercept | 228.12 (155.84, 300.39) | 63.65 (41.13, 86.17) | 337.51 (182.97, 492.05) | 12.07 (4.20, 19.95) |
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Diet: Vegetarian (vs Omnivore) | − 34.05 (− 91.30, 23.19) | − 22.40 (− 31.89, − 12.91) | 38.52 (− 51.42, 128.46) | 2.89 (− 2.30, 8.07) |
| p-value | 0.243 | < 0.001 | 0.400 | 0.274 |
| B12 supplement use (Yes vs No) | 63.33 (12.97, 113.69) | 9.77 (2.19, 17.35) | 228.58 (136.13, 321.02) | 11.42 (6.24, 16.60) |
| p-value | 0.014 | 0.012 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Age (per year) | 1.94 (0.53, 3.36) | 0.07 (− 0.33, 0.47) | 1.19 (− 1.71, 4.09) | − 0.10 (− 0.29, 0.09) |
| p-value | 0.007 | 0.724 | 0.421 | 0.302 |
| Ethnicity: Mixed (vs White) | 51.71 (1.62, 101.79) | − 1.93 (− 11.51, 7.66) | − 76.54 (− 194.65, 41.57) | − 0.79 (− 6.85, 5.28) |
| p-value | 0.043 | 0.693 | 0.205 | 0.800 |
| Ethnicity: Black (vs White) | 291.47 (45.18, 537.76) | 27.89 (− 2.35, 58.13) | 86.25 (− 120.86, 293.36) | 0.22 (− 5.19, 5.63) |
| p-value | 0.021 | 0.071 | 0.414 | 0.937 |
| Ethnicity: Asian (vs White) | 7.94 (− 33.92, 49.80) | 4.52 (− 11.48, 20.52) | 42.97 (− 50.56, 136.49) | − 1.74 (− 6.30, 2.83) |
| p-value | 0.710 | 0.580 | 0.369 | 0.455 |
| Ethnicity: Other (vs White) | 76.86 (37.93, 115.78) | 8.24 (− 7.61, 24.10) | 72.41 (− 44.34, 189.16) | 3.36 (− 7.13, 13.84) |
| p-value | < 0.001 | 0.307 | 0.224 | 0.530 |
| Education: Other Higher (vs Degree+) | − 23.11 (− 45.44, − 0.77) | − 5.11 (− 13.03, 2.81) | 14.88 (− 52.76, 82.52) | − 0.07 (− 3.48, 3.34) |
| p-value | 0.043 | 0.205 | 0.666 | 0.968 |
| Education: A Levels (vs Degree+) | 41.66 (− 5.23, 88.56) | − 2.37 (− 12.50, 7.76) | − 23.17 (− 86.25, 39.91) | − 2.63 (− 6.34, 1.08) |
| p-value | 0.082 | 0.645 | 0.472 | 0.165 |
| Education: Other (vs Degree+) | 5.87 (− 17.55, 29.29) | 0.63 (− 7.29, 8.55) | − 13.86 (− 79.35, 51.63) | 2.06 (− 9.01, 13.12) |
| p-value | 0.623 | 0.876 | 0.678 | 0.716 |
| Income: Middle (vs Lowest) | − 36.78 (− 65.94, − 7.61) | − 10.74 (− 18.97, − 2.51) | 20.23 (− 40.34, 80.79) | − 2.14 (− 11.05, 6.78) |
| p-value | 0.014 | 0.011 | 0.512 | 0.638 |
| Income: Highest (vs Lowest) | − 5.36 (− 37.72, 27.00) | − 0.43 (− 9.80, 8.93) | 24.15 (− 34.16, 82.47) | 0.03 (− 7.76, 7.82) |
| p-value | 0.745 | 0.928 | 0.418 | 0.994 |
| BMI (per unit) | − 1.63 (− 3.45, 0.19) | − 0.01 (− 0.57, 0.55) | − 2.95 (− 7.25, 1.35) | − 0.06 (− 0.33, 0.20) |
| p-value | 0.079 | 0.972 | 0.178 | 0.636 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.03) | 0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.04 (− 0.01, 0.09) | 0.00 (− 0.00, 0.01) |
| p-value | 0.463 | 0.967 | 0.118 | 0.487 |