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. 2026 Sep 24;15(19):3403. doi: 10.3390/foods15193403
AGEs Advanced glycation end products
LAB Lactic acid bacteria
GRAS Generally recognized as safe
CML Carboxymethyl lysine
CEL Carboxyethyl lysine
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
MRS Man–Rogosa–Sharpe
OD600 optical density at 600 nm
eggNOG Evolutionary Eenealogy of Genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups
GO Gene Ontology
KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
CAZymes Carbohydrate-active enzymes
PHI-base Pathogen–Host Interaction database
CLSM Confocal laser scanning microscopy
FITC Fluorescein isothiocyanate
FTIR Fourier-transform infrared
SEM standard error of the mean
ANOVA analysis of variance
GH Glycoside hydrolases
GT Glycosyl transferases
CE Carbohydrate esterases
CBM Carbohydrate-binding modules
AA Auxiliary activities
PL Polysaccharide lyases