4-HNE	4-hydroxynonenal
6-OHDA	6-hydroxydopamine
Aβ	amyloid-β
ACO1	aconitase 1
ACSL4	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AIFM2	apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2
ALS	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
APP	amyloid precursor protein
ARE	antioxidant response element
BACE1	beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BH4	tetrahydrobiopterin
CAG	cytosine-adenine-guanine
CAT	catalase
CD98	cluster of differentiation 98
cGAS	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
CISD1	CDGSH iron–sulfur domain protein 1
CNKI	China National Knowledge Infrastructure
CoQ10	coenzyme Q10
CR3	complement receptor 3
CTR1	copper transporter 1
DAT	dopamine transporter
DFO	deferoxamine
DHODH	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
DJ-1	protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 (PARK7)
DMT1	divalent metal transporter 1
EA	electroacupuncture
EAE	experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
EGCG	epigallocatechin gallate
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FDX1	ferredoxin 1
FPN (FPN1)	ferroportin 1
FSP1	ferroptosis suppressor protein 1
FTH (FTH1)	ferritin heavy chain 1
FTL	ferritin light chain
FtMt	mitochondrial ferritin
GBD	Global Burden of Disease
GCH1	GTP cyclohydrolase 1
GCLC/GCLM	glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic/modifier subunit
GCTR	gallic acid-tryptophan cyclodipeptide hybrid
GPX1	glutathione peroxidase 1
GPX4	glutathione peroxidase 4
GSH	glutathione
GSH-Px	glutathione peroxidase
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
GSSG	oxidized glutathione
HD	Huntington’s disease
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
HTT	huntingtin
iASPP	inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53
IC50	half-maximal inhibitory concentration
ICS II	icariside II
ICV	intracerebroventricular
IKK	IκB kinase
IL-1β/IL-18	interleukin-1 beta/interleukin-18
IREB2	iron-responsive element-binding protein 2
IRP1/IRP2	iron regulatory protein 1/2
JC-1	mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent probe
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
KD	dissociation constant
Keap1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LC3B	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta
LIP	labile iron pool
lncRNA	long non-coding RNA
LOX	lipoxygenase
LPCAT3	lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCAO	middle cerebral artery occlusion
MDA	malondialdehyde
MDM2	murine double minute 2
MMP	mitochondrial membrane potential
MPP+	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
MS	multiple sclerosis
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
NCOA4	nuclear receptor coactivator 4
NDs	neurodegenerative diseases
NeuN	neuronal nuclear protein
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
NFTs	neurofibrillary tangles
NLRP1/NLRP3	NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 1/3
NOX	NADPH oxidase
NQO1	NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OABL	1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactone
OGD/R	oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation
p53	tumor protein p53
p62	sequestosome 1
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PEBP1	phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PINK1	PTEN-induced kinase 1
PL-OH	phospholipid alcohol
PL-OOH	phospholipid hydroperoxide
PSD95	postsynaptic density protein 95
PTGS2	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
PUFA	polyunsaturated fatty acid
PUFA-PL	polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipid
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RSL3	RAS-selective lethal compound 3 (GPX4 inhibitor)
SAMP8	senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8
SIRT1/SIRT3	sirtuin 1/sirtuin 3
SLC3A2	solute carrier family 3 member 2
SLC7A11 (xCT)	solute carrier family 7 member 11
SNHG1	small nucleolar RNA host gene 1
SNpc	substantia nigra pars compacta
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SPP1	secreted phosphoprotein 1
Sp1	specificity protein 1
Src	proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
STEAP3	six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3
STING	stimulator of interferon genes
STZ	streptozotocin
T-AOC	total antioxidant capacity
TCM	traditional Chinese medicine
TCR	T-cell receptor
TDP-43	TAR DNA-binding protein 43
TF (Tf)	transferrin
TFA	total flavonoids of Astragalus
TFR1 (TFRC, TfR1)	transferrin receptor 1
TH	tyrosine hydroxylase
TLR4	toll-like receptor 4
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRAF6	TNF receptor-associated factor 6
TSG	2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside
UQCRC1	ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1
VDAC	voltage-dependent anion channel
VDR	vitamin D receptor
WEM	water extract of Moschus
WHO	World Health Organization
YHG	icariin-astragaloside IV-puerarin mixture
α-syn	alpha-synuclein