Abbreviation	Full name
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
PD	Parkinson’s disease
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
HD	Huntington’s disease
FTLD	Frontotemporal lobar dementia
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
CNS	Central nervous system
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
TBI	Traumatic brain injury
IL-1β	Interleukin-1β
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IL-6	Interleukin-6
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
SCI	Spinal cord injury
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
AKT	Protein Kinase B
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
Aβ	Amyloid-beta
Nrf2	Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2
CAT	Catalase
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
IκB	Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
Keap1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
GSK3-β	Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta
GSH	Glutathione
OGD/R	Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation
NMDA	N-methyl d-aspartate
AChE	Acetylcholinesterase
GABA	Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
MDA	Malondialdehyde
TRPC6	Transient receptor potential canonical 6 channel
CREB	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB)
MEK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
CaMKIV	Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase IV
P2X3	P2X purinergic receptor 3
P2X2	P2X purinergic receptor 2
TRPA1	Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1
NP	Nanoparticle