| WHC | Water-holding capacity |
| TVB-N | Total volatile basic nitrogen |
| TBARSs | Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
| VOCs | Volatile organic compounds |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| HS-SPME-GC-MS | Headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| LC-MS | Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |