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. 2026 Oct 2;18(19):3182. doi: 10.3390/cancers18193182
ADAM17 a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17
ALDOA aldolase A
AMBP alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor
ApoA2 apolipoprotein A-II
ApoC-III apolipoprotein C-III
APOE apolipoprotein E
AUC area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene
CA125 cancer antigen 125
CA19-9 cancer antigen 19-9
CCL2 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
CD44 cluster of differentiation 44
CDH6 cadherin-6
cGAS cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
CLU clusterin
CP ceruloplasmin
CT computed tomography
ctDNA circulating tumour DNA
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
EAOC endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EOC epithelial ovarian cancer
ESI-LTQ electrospray ionisation linear trap quadrupole
FIGO International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
FNA fine-needle aspiration
FSH follicle-stimulating hormone
GRO-α growth-regulated oncogene-alpha
Hb haemoglobin
hCG human chorionic gonadotropin
HE4 human epididymis protein 4
IHC immunohistochemistry
IL-6 interleukin-6
IL-8 interleukin-8
IOTA International Ovarian Tumour Analysis
IRS1 insulin receptor substrate 1
ITIH4 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4
iTRAQ isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation
IVF in vitro fertilisation
KLK6 kallikrein-6
KRAS Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
LAMC1 laminin subunit gamma-1
LC-MS liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LH luteinising hormone
MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MEK mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPK/ERK kinase)
metHb methaemoglobin
miR-145 microRNA-145
ML machine learning
MMP matrix metalloproteinase
MR magnetic resonance
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MRM multiple-reaction monitoring
MS mass spectrometry
MSLN mesothelin
MUC1 mucin 1
MUC16 mucin 16
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
NOS not otherwise specified
NPV negative predictive value
NRAS neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog
OVGP1 oviductal glycoprotein 1
oxyHb oxyhaemoglobin
PCI protein C inhibitor
PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1
POSTN periostin
PPP2R1A protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit A-alpha
PPV positive predictive value
PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog
RAF rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase
RAS rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
RMI Risk of Malignancy Index
ROC receiver-operating characteristic
ROMA Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm
ROS reactive oxygen species
SAA4 serum amyloid A4
Safe-SeqS Safe-Sequencing System
SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
SELDI-TOF surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight
SERPINA1 serpin family A member 1
SERPINF2 serpin family F member 2
SERPING1 serpin family G member 1
SERS surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
STING stimulator of interferon genes
STn sialyl-Tn antigen
sVEGFR-1 soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1
TALDO1 transaldolase 1
TCA tricarboxylic acid
TIMP tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
TKT1 transketolase 1
TME tumour microenvironment
TMT tandem mass tag
TMT-LC-MS/MS tandem mass tag liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
TNF-α tumour necrosis factor-alpha
TNXB tenascin-XB
TP53 tumour protein p53
tPA tissue plasminogen activator
uPA urokinase plasminogen activator
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
WHO World Health Organization