AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ANOVA	analysis of variance
BAX	BCL-2-associated X protein
BCA	bicinchoninic acid
BCL-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
BiP	binding immunoglobulin protein
BSA	bovine serum albumin
CHOP	C/EBP homologous protein
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2
CYP	cytochrome P450
DCF-DA	2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate
DMEM	Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
DMSO	dimethyl sulfoxide
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
FASN	fatty acid synthase
FBS	fetal bovine serum
FFA	free fatty acid
FoxO3a	forkhead box O3a
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
HBSS	Hank’s balanced salt solution
HRP	horseradish peroxidase
IL-1β	interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	interleukin-6
IL-8	interleukin-8
LC3A/B	microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3A/B
LD	lipid droplet
MASH	metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
MASLD	metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
OA	oleic acid
ORO	Oil Red O
p62/SQSTM1	sequestosome 1
PA	palmitic acid
PBS	phosphate-buffered saline
PVDF	polyvinylidene difluoride
RIPA	radioimmunoprecipitation assay
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SDS-PAGE	sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
SEM	standard error of the mean
SREBP-1	sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
TBST	Tris-buffered saline with Tween-20
TEM	transmission electron microscopy
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
WST	water-soluble tetrazolium