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. 2026 Oct 1;16(19):3196. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16193196
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACM atrial cardiomyopathy
AF atrial fibrillation
AHA American Heart Association
ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers
BMI body mass index
CKM cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic
CMR cardiac magnetic resonance
EACVI European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
ECG electrocardiogram
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ESC European Society of Cardiology
FGF-23 fibroblast growth factor 23
GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1
HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
HFA Heart Failure Association
HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
LA left atrium/left atrial
LAScd left atrial conduit strain
LASct left atrial contractile strain
LASr left atrial reservoir strain
LAVI left atrial volume index
LGE late gadolinium enhancement
LV left ventricle/left ventricular
MR-proANP mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide
NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
RV right ventricle/right ventricular
SGLT2 sodium–glucose cotransporter 2
STROBE Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology
TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
VIF variance inflation factor