GFB	Glomerular filtration barrier
GBM	Glomerular basement membrane
FP	Foot process
SD	Slit diaphragm
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
FSGS	Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
DN	Diabetic nephropathy
MCD	Minimal change disease
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
Drp1	Dynamin-related protein 1
TFAM	Mitochondrial transcription factor A
mTORC1	Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
FAO	Fatty acid oxidation
FFAs	Free fatty acids
SFAs	Saturated fatty acids
PA	Palmitate
DAG	Diacylglycerol
LD	Lipid droplet
AMP	Adenosine monophosphate
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
OA	Oleate
ABCA1	ATP-binding cassette transporter A1
HFD	High-fat diet
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
AGEs	Advanced glycation end products
PKC	Protein kinase C
HBP	Hexosamine biosynthetic pathway
ESKD	End-stage kidney disease
Nox4	NADPH oxidase 4
HG	High glucose
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
DUOX2	Dual oxidase 2
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
GSK3β	Glycogen synthase kinase-3β
IRS-1	Insulin receptor substrate-1
Akt	Protein kinase B
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-κB
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
REDD1	Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1
STAT1	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
CFB	Complement factor B
Rheb	Ras homolog enriched in brain
ODC1	Ornithine decarboxylase 1
DHAP	Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
UDP-GlcNAc	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
O-GlcNAcylation	O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation
MAMs	Mitochondria-associated ER membranes
MPC2	Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2
UPR	Unfolded protein response
Ang II	Angiotensin II
G3P	Glycerol-3-phosphate
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
NADH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
AT1R	Ang II receptor type 1
OCR	Oxygen consumption rate
ECAR	Extracellular acidification rate
mRNA	Messenger ribonucleic acid
RAAS	Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
MR	Mineralocorticoid receptor
CHOP	C/EBP homologous protein
TRPC6	Transient receptor potential cation channel 6
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1
PAN	Puromycin aminonucleoside
DOX	Doxorubicin
MN	Membranous nephropathy
suPAR	Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
CLCF1	Cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1
TMEM30A	Transmembrane protein 30A
mtDNA	Mitochondrial DNA
CYP4A	Cytochrome P450 4A
20-HETE	20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
EMT	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
SGLT2	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
MFN2	Mitofusin 2
mGPDH	Mitochondrial G3P dehydrogenase
TBARS	Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
PINK1	PTEN-induced kinase 1
CPT1A	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A
Fis1	Mitochondrial fission 1 protein