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. 2026 Sep 23;27(19):8495. doi: 10.3390/ijms27198495
3BP2 SH3 domain-binding protein 2
ALC1 amplified in liver cancer 1
APE1 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1
ARF-BP1 alternative reading frame-binding protein 1
ARH3 ADP-ribosylhydrolase 3
ATR ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related
AXIN axis inhibition protein
BER base excision repair
BP1 binding protein 1
BRCA1 breast cancer gene 1
BRCA2 breast cancer gene 2
BRCT1 first BRCA1 C-terminal domain
CHIP C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein
CHK1 checkpoint kinase 1
CRL4^DDB2 DDB2-containing cullin 4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
CSA Cockayne syndrome group A protein
CSB Cockayne syndrome group B protein
DDB1 DNA damage-binding protein 1
DDB2 DNA damage-binding protein 2
DDR DNA damage response
DNA-PKcs DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
DSB double-strand break
FEN1 flap endonuclease 1
FRAP fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
FUS fused in sarcoma
GG-NER global genome nucleotide excision repair
HERC2 HECT and RLD domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein
hnRNP A1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
HPF1 histone PARylation factor 1
HR homologous recombination
HRD homologous recombination deficiency
HSP90 heat shock protein 90
MUTYH mutY DNA glycosylase homolog
NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NASP nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein
NER nucleotide excision repair
NHEJ non-homologous end joining
OGG1 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1
PAR poly(ADP-ribose)
PARdU poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent ubiquitination
PARG poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase
PARP poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
PARP1 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
PARP2 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2
PARPi PARP inhibitor
PARylation poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation
PNKP polynucleotide kinase 3′-phoaphatase
Pol β DNA polymerase beta
Pol δ/ε/κ DNA polymerase delta/epsilon/kappa
PTMs post-translational modifications
p97/VCP p97/valosin-containing protein
RNAPII RNA polymerase II
RNF4 Ring finger protein 4
RNF146 Ring finger protein 146
SSB single-strand break
SUMO small ubiquitin-like modifier
TC-NER transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair
TDP-43 TAR DNA-binding protein 43
TFIIH transcription factor IIH
UFD1 ubiquitin fusion degradation protein 1
UV ultraviolet
UV-DDB ultraviolet-damaged DNA-binding protein complex
WWE tryptophan–tryptophan–glutamate
XPA xeroderma pigmentosum group A-complementing protein
XPC xeroderma pigmentosum group C-complementing protein
XRCC1 X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1