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. 2026 Sep 22;27(19):8450. doi: 10.3390/ijms27198450
AKI Acute kidney injury
CKD Chronic kidney disease
KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes
GFR Glomerular filtration rate
mPTP Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
SCr Serum creatinine
EHRs Electronic health records
IRI Ischemia–reperfusion injury
PCC Prolonged casualty care
RCI Radiation-combined injury
Ang-2 Angiopoietin-2
NETs Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
DAMPs Damage-associated molecular patterns
mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA
KIM-1 Kidney injury molecule-1
NGAL Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
TIMP-2 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2
suPAR Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
EMPs Endothelial-derived microparticles
VCAM-1 Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
EVs Extracellular vesicles
ROS Reactive oxygen species
L-FABP Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein
TIMP-2 Metalloproteinases-2
IGFBP7 Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7
TMRE Tetramethylrhodamine Ethyl Ester
AI Artificial intelligence
ML Machine learning
XAI Explainable AI
FL Federated learning
SHAP SHapley Additive exPlanations
UMAP Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection
t-SNE t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding
LSTM Long short-term memory
RNN Recurrent neural network