ADA	American Diabetes Association
ADP	Adenosine diphosphate
AGE	Advanced glycation end products
ALR2	Aldose reductase
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AP-1	Protein-1 activator
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
Br	Bromine
11β-HSD	11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
CAT	Catalase
Cl	Chlorine
CLX	Clobenzorex
CRP	C-reactive protein
DM	Diabetes Mellitus
DNA	Oxidative alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid
EGR-1	Early-response growth factor
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
F	Fluorine
GA	Golgi apparatus
GCK	glucokinase
GLUT	Glucose transporter
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
GRed	Glutathione reductase
∆G	Binding energy
HO	Hydroxyl radical
h	Hour(s)
IDF	International Diabetes Federation
IL-6	Interleukin 6
IR	Insulin receptor
Ki	Inhibition constant
LD50	Median lethal dose
MAPK/Akt	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
mRNA	Gene expression, messenger ribonucleic acid
MTT	3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
NADPH	Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
O2	Superoxide anion radical
PGZ	Pioglitazone
PKC	Protein kinase C
PPAR	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PTP-1B	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
Ser/Thr	Phosphorylation state in serine/threonine
RSG	Rosiglitazone
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
STZ	Streptozotocin
T1DM	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TNF-alpha	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
WHO	World Health Organization
IC50	Half maximal inhibitory concentration