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Effect of 18OH2/16OH2 exchange on the vibrational spectra of the OEC. Difference FTIR spectra are assigned to the S1 to S2 (A), S2 to S3 (B), S3 to S0 (C), and S0 to S1 (D) transitions. In the dashed lines, salt-washed PSII contained calcium and 16OH2; in the solid line, salt-washed PSII contained calcium and 18OH2. In E, a dark-minus-dark control is presented. The tick marks on the y axis are 1 × 10−4 absorbance units. Other conditions are given in the Materials and Methods section.
