| axSpA | Axial spondyloarthritis |
| BASDAI | Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index |
| BASFI | Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index |
| BASMI | Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| DXA | Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry |
| GL | Gastrocnemius lateralis |
| GM | Gastrocnemius medialis |
| ICC | Intraclass correlation coefficient |
| IL-17A | Interleukin-17A |
| IQR | Interquartile range |
| Lf | Fascicle length |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| MT | Muscle thickness |
| NSAID | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| r-axSpA | Radiographic axial spondyloarthritis |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| SE | Standard error |
| SPSS | Statistical Package for the Social Sciences |
| STROBE | Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology |
| TA | Tibialis anterior |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| VL | Vastus lateralis |