| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ATP5 | ATP Synthase 5 |
| CAT | catalase |
| COX | cytochrome c oxidase |
| Cytc | cytochrome c |
| FOXO1 | forkhead box protein O1 |
| GR | glutathione reductase |
| GSH-Px | glutathione peroxidase |
| GST | glutathione S-transferase |
| Keap1 | kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| L-MA | L-malic acid |
| MDA | malondialdehyde |
| MDH | malate dehydrogenase |
| MyHCI | myosin heavy chain I |
| MyHCIIa | myosin heavy chain IIa |
| MyHCIIb | myosin heavy chain IIb |
| MyHCIIx | myosin heavy chain IIx |
| Myf5 | myogenic factor 5 |
| Myf6 | myogenic factor 6 |
| MyoD | myogenic differentiation |
| MyoG | myogenin |
| MSTN | myostatin |
| mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
| NRF1 | nuclear respiratory factor 1 |
| NRF2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| PGC1-α | peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha |
| POLG | polymerase gamma |
| SDH | succinate dehydrogenase |
| Sirt1 | sirtuin 1 |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| SOX6 | SRY-box transcription factor 6 |
| T-AOC | total antioxidant capacity |
| TFAM | transcription factor A mitochondrial |
| TFB1M | transcription factor B1 mitochondrial |
| TOM20 | Translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 |
| Con | the pigs fed a basal diet |
| 0.25% LMA, 0.5% L-MA, 1% L-MA, and 2% L-MA | the pigs fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.25% L-MA, 0.5% L-MA, 1% L-MA, and 2% L-MA, respectively |