| BMI | Body mass index |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| EHR | Electronic health records |
| FDR | False discovery rate |
| FFQ | Food frequency questionnaire |
| FPG | Fasting plasma glucose |
| GI | Gastrointestinal |
| HbA1c | Glycated hemoglobin |
| IQR | Interquartile range |
| IRB | Institutional Review Board |
| KNHANES | Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| OR | Odds ratio |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| RPG | Random plasma glucose |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| STROBE-nut | Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology—Nutritional Epidemiology |