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. 2026 Sep 24;18(19):3148. doi: 10.3390/nu18193148
1,25(OH)2D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D
ANA Anti-nuclear antibodies
AITD Autoimmune thyroid disease
GD Graves’ disease
HLA Human leukocyte antigen
HPA Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
IU International Units
IBD Inflammatory bowel disease
JIA Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
MS Multiple sclerosis
MIS-C Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children
RCTs Randomized controlled trials
RF Rheumatoid factor
SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus
SR Systematic reviews
T1DM Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
TLR Toll-like receptor
TPoA Thyroperoxidase antibodies
UVB Ultraviolet-B
VDR/CTR Vitamin D (calcitriol) receptor