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. 2026 Oct 3;31(19):3534. doi: 10.3390/molecules31193534
AgNPs Silver Nanoparticles
AKT Protein Kinase B
AMPK AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
API/APIs Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient(s)
Apt Aptamer
AuNPs Gold Nanoparticles
CEA Carcinoembryonic Antigen
CNPs Chitosan Nanoparticles
CNTs Carbon Nanotubes
CRC Colorectal Cancer
DDS Drug Delivery System
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DOX Doxorubicin
DS Delivery System
EGF Epidermal Growth Factor
EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
EpCAM Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule
EPE Enhanced Permeability Effect
EPR Enhanced Permeability and Retention
ETP Epipolythiodioxopiperazine
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FdUMP Fluorodeoxyuridine Monophosphate
FdUTP Fluorodeoxyuridine Triphosphate
FGFR Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor
FITC Fluorescein Isothiocyanate
FUTP Fluorouridine Triphosphate
GQDs Graphene Quantum Dots
HCPT 10-Hydroxycamptothecin
HDAC Histone Deacetylase
HIF-1α Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha
HSA Human Serum Albumin
HT Hyperthermia
IC50 Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration
iRGD (or RDG) Internalizing Arginine–Glycine–Aspartic peptide
IV Intravenous
JAK/STAT Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
LPs Liposomes
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
MIA Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid
miRNA/miR MicroRNA
MNPs Metallic Nanoparticles
MSNs Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials
mTOR Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin
MWCNTs Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
NDDS Nano-Drug Delivery System(s)
NE Nanoemulsion
NIR Near Infrared
NLs Nanoliposomes
NP/NPs Nanoparticle(s)
NS/NSs Nanosystem(s)
NVs Nanovectors
PAMAM Polyamidoamine
PCL Polycaprolactone
PDGFRα Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha
PDT Photodynamic Therapy
PEDF Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
PEG Polyethylene Glycol
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
PLGA Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PNPs Polymeric Nanoparticles
PPI Poly(propylene-imine)
PTT Photothermal Therapy
PTX Paclitaxel
QDs Quantum Dots
RES Reticuloendothelial System
RFA Radiofrequency Ablation
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
RT Radiotherapy
scFv Single-chain Variable Fragment
SLNs Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
SPIONs Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
SWCNTs Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
TPP Triphenylphosphonium
VEC Vascular Endothelial Cell
VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor