TABLE 1.
Excluded volume (X) and exchange reaction (S) contributions to 
and 
for osmolytes interacting with BSA
 †
|
 *
|
X* | S |  |
 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urea | 2.45 | 217 | 560 | −343 | 1364 | 1.10 |
| Glycerol | 3.92 | 250 | 777 | −527 | 932 | 1.15 |
| TMAO | 4.01 | 1389 | 888 | +501 | 911 | 0.86 |
| Proline | 4.60 | 778 | 981 | −203 | 820 | 1.05 |
| K+glu− | 5.03 | 1111 | 1048 | +63 | 755 | 0.95 |
| Betaine | 5.43 | 1283 | 1107 | +176 | 712 | 0.96 |
| Trehalose | 11.61 | 1167 | 1762 | −595 | 392 | 1.12 |
*
The 
and 
values for the different osmolytes were reported by Courtenay et al. (5), Felitsky et al. (29), Hong et al. (30), and J. Cannon (2005, personal communication). The X-values were reckoned using the MSROLL program with effective osmolyte radii (R): urea (2.09 Å), glycerol (2.45 Å), TMAO (2.47 Å), proline (2.58 Å), K+ glutamate (2.66 Å), betaine glycine (2.73 Å), and trehalose (3.52 Å), as described in the text.
†
