| GWAS | Genome-wide association studies |
| SNP | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| PPR | Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing |
| MGDG | Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol |
| OR | Orange |
| PPD | PsbP domain-containing |
| CSP41b | Chloroplast stem-loop binding protein of 41 kDa b |
| QTL | Quantitative trait locus |
| G×E | Genotype × environment |
| LL | Leaf length |
| LW | Leaf width |
| LR | Leaf length-to-width ratio |
| LA | Leaf area |
| Cha | Chlorophyll a content |
| Chb | Chlorophyll b content |
| ChR | The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b |
| Chab | Total chlorophyll content |
| SPV | SPAD value |
| λ | Genomic inflation factor |
| ANOVA | Analysis of Variance |
| hB2 | Broad-sense heritability |
| LMM | Linear mixed model |
| Q-Q | Quantile–quantile |
| LSD | Least significant difference |
| MAF | Minor allele frequency |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| PVE | Phenotypic variance explained |
| LD | Linkage disequilibrium |
| R4 | The forth ratoon |
| R3 | The third ratoon |