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. 2026 Sep 10;14:410–424. doi: 10.1109/JTEHM.2026.3732514

TABLE 3. Best hyperparameter combinations and scores when using 14 and 23 features for meal and non-meal models.

Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic
Meal No meal Meal No meal F1-score
14 feat 1 3 7 9 0.831
3 7 7 7 0.831
7 7 9 5 0.830
23 feat 5 9 7 5 0.847
3 9 7 5 0.838
7 9 3 5 0.833