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Solvation free energy of an asymmetric protein in a curved membrane. Two of the membrane interfaces impose an angle of ψ = π/2. The two other interfaces impose an angle of ψ = π/2 − 25°. We see that the membrane protein has a preferred orientation so that 
is perpendicular to the y-axis. For a membrane curvature of 1/50 nm−1, the protein energy difference between two orientations is >6 kBT.
