Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2026 Oct 1;16:1919412. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1919412

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2026 Yang, Li, Jiang, Deng, Tan, Zhu, Li, Wang and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Panel A shows four spot-level spatial score maps for the Cap.area4 DLBCL Visium V2 capture area, each with a color scale and 500-micrometer scale bar. Panel B shows Moran's I for six programs across nine capture areas. Panel C shows bivariate Moran's I across five primary DLBCL areas; asterisks denote BH-FDR < 0.05 within each prespecified area-specific testing family, E denotes exploratory antigen-containing comparisons involving AP-residual (HLA-unmeasured) in Cap.area4-Cap.area7, and daggers denote shared-membership pairs. Panel D shows Spearman correlations comparing primary scoring with SCT-UCell and ssGSEA in primary DLBCL and context-only areas. — Spatial organization with context-area integration. (A) Representative spot-level distributions in Cap.area4 DLBCL V2 using program-specific display limits. Scale bars, 500 micrometers; each of the four spatial maps carries a calibrated bar, and all four maps are derived from the same capture area and share the same spatial coordinate system and scale. (B) Moran’s I across all nine GSE276542 capture areas, comprising five primary DLBCL areas (Cap.area3-Cap.area7) and four descriptive context lymphoid areas (Cap.area1, Cap.area2, Cap.area8 and Cap.area9). Context values overlap the DLBCL range and do not test tissue-class equivalence. In all Visium V2 areas, the antigen-presentation series represents AP-residual (HLA-unmeasured): 13/22 genes in the defined program were measurable, and all nine HLA genes in the program were unavailable. These values should not be interpreted as measurements of the complete antigen-presentation program. (C) Bivariate Moran’s I associations among program pairs across the five primary DLBCL areas. Dagger symbols (†) mark the two shared-membership pairs: T cell-inflamed × Antigen-presentation (2 shared genes) and Stromal/fibrotic × Immune-cold/exclusion (9 shared genes). Shared membership does not imply that covariance is caused solely by overlap. (D) Scoring-method concordance across 108 area-program-method comparisons (median Spearman rho=0.878; 18/108 below 0.7; 4/108 below 0.5; minimum 0.190; 17/18 low values involved ssGSEA). The weakest comparison, Cap.area6 T cell-inflamed primary versus ssGSEA (rho=0.190), also had Moran’s I = 0.090 and is treated as a weak-effect, method-unstable, low-confidence result rather than strong biological spatial evidence. Capture areas are analytical units and are not independent patients. Asterisks indicate BH-FDR < 0.05 within the corresponding prespecified area-specific bivariate Moran’s I testing family. ‘E’ marks the exploratory antigen-containing comparisons involving AP-residual (HLA-unmeasured) in the four primary Visium V2 areas (Cap.area4–Cap.area7).