TABLE 2.
Antifungal activity of miltefosine
| Fungal species | Drug | No. of tests | MIC (μg/ml)
|
MFC (μg/ml) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rangea | 50% | 90% | ||||
| Candida albicans | Miltefosine | 14 | 1.0-2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 7 | 0.06-0.125 | 0.06 | |||
| Fluconazole | 7 | 0.25-8.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 7 | 0.03-0.125 | 0.06 | |||
| Itraconazole | 7 | 0.03-0.125 | 0.06 | |||
| Voriconazole | 7 | 0.008-0.5 | 0.03 | |||
| Candida parapsilosis | Miltefosine | 10 | 2.0-8.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 5 | 0.06-0.25 | 0.25 | |||
| Fluconazole | 5 | 0.5-4.0 | 2.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 5 | 0.03-0.25 | 0.06 | |||
| Itraconazole | 5 | 0.06-0.125 | 0.06 | |||
| Voriconazole | 5 | 0.008-0.125 | 0.03 | |||
| Candida glabrata | Miltefosine | 10 | 2.0-4.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 5 | 0.125-0.25 | 0.125 | |||
| Fluconazole | 5 | 16.0-256.0 | 32.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 5 | 0.03-0.125 | 0.06 | |||
| Itraconazole | 5 | 0.5-16.0 | 2.0 | |||
| Voriconazole | 5 | 0.25-4.0 | 0.5 | |||
| Candida krusei | Miltefosine | 10 | 2.0-4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 5 | 0.25-0.5 | 0.25 | |||
| Fluconazole | 5 | 64.0 | 64.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 5 | 8.0-16.0 | 8.0 | |||
| Itraconazole | 5 | 0.25-1.0 | 0.5 | |||
| Voriconazole | 5 | 0.25-1.0 | 0.25 | |||
| Candida tropicalis | Miltefosine | 8 | 2.0-4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |
| Amphotericin B | 6 | 0.125-0.25 | 0.125 | |||
| Fluconazole | 6 | 2.0-32.0 | 2.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 6 | 0.06->64.0 | 0.06 | |||
| Itraconazole | 6 | 0.25-0.5 | 0.25 | |||
| Voriconazole | 6 | 0.06-1.0 | 0.06 | |||
| Cryptococcus neoformans | Miltefosine | 29 | 0.25-4.0 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 8.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 15 | 0.016-0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 | ||
| Fluconazole | 15 | 0.5-8.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | ||
| Flucytosine | 15 | 0.5-2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | ||
| Itraconazole | 15 | 0.008-0.25 | 0.125 | 0.125 | ||
| Voriconazole | 15 | 0.008-0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | ||
| Cryptococcus gattii | Miltefosine | 38 | 0.5-2.0 | 2 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 23 | 0.06-0.125 | 0.125 | 0.25 | ||
| Fluconazole | 23 | 4.0-16.0 | 8.0 | 16.0 | ||
| Flucytosine | 23 | 0.25-2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | ||
| Itraconazole | 23 | 0.06-0.25 | 0.125 | 0.125 | ||
| Voriconazole | 21 | 0.03-0.25 | 0.06 | 0.25 | ||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | Miltefosine | 10 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 5 | 0.125-0.5 | 0.25 | |||
| Flucytosine | 5 | 32.0-64.0 | 64.0 | |||
| Itraconazole | 5 | 2.0-16.0 | 4.0 | |||
| Voriconazole | 5 | 0.06-0.25 | 0.25 | |||
| Aspergillus flavus | Miltefosine | 10 | 2.0-16.0 | 8.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 5 | 1.0-16.0 | 2.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 5 | 2.0-64.0 | 64.0 | |||
| Itraconazole | 5 | 0.25-16.0 | 0.5 | |||
| Voriconazole | 5 | 0.25-1.0 | 0.5 | |||
| Aspergillus terreus | Miltefosine | 10 | 2.0-8.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 16.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 5 | 0.25-1.0 | 0.5 | |||
| Flucytosine | 5 | 2.0-64.0 | 32.0 | |||
| Itraconazole | 5 | 0.016-0.25 | 0.25 | |||
| Voriconazole | 5 | 0.25-0.5 | 0.5 | |||
| Fusarium solani | Miltefosine | 10 | 2.0-4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 5 | 1.0-8.0 | 4.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 5 | 64.0 | 64.0 | |||
| Itraconazole | 5 | 16.0 | 16.0 | |||
| Voriconazole | 4 | 1.0-4.0 | 2.0 | |||
| Scedosporium apiospermum | Miltefosine | 10 | 2.0-4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 5 | 2.0-8.0 | 4.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 5 | 64.0 | 64.0 | |||
| Itraconazole | 5 | 0.5-1.0 | 0.5 | |||
| Voriconazole | 5 | 0.125-0.25 | 0.125 | |||
| Scedosporium prolificans | Miltefosine | 10 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 4 | 4.0-8.0 | 4.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 4 | 64.0 | 64.0 | |||
| Itraconazole | 4 | 16.0 | 16.0 | |||
| Voriconazole | 4 | 4.0 | 4.0 | |||
| Bipolaris australiensis | Miltefosine | 6 | 2.0-4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Amphotericin B | 1 | 0.03 | ||||
| Flucytosine | 1 | 64.0 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 1 | 0.25 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Exophiala jeanselmei | Miltefosine | 2 | 2.0-4.0 | 4.0 | ||
| Amphotericin B | 1 | 2.0 | ||||
| Flucytosine | 1 | 64.0 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Exophiala spinifera | Miltefosine | 2 | 2.0 | 8.0 | ||
| Amphotericin B | 1 | 0.25 | ||||
| Flucytosine | 1 | 4.0 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 1 | 0.125 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 1 | 0.5 | ||||
| Paecilomyces lilacinus | Miltefosine | 8 | 2.0-4.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | |
| Amphotericin B | 3 | 2.0-16.0 | 2.0 | |||
| Flucytosine | 3 | 64.0 | 64.0 | |||
| Itraconazole | 3 | 0.25-0.5 | 0.5 | |||
| Voriconazole | 3 | 0.06-0.125 | 0.06 | |||
| Absidia corymbifera | Miltefosine | 6 | 2.0-16.0 | 2.0 | 16.0 | |
| Amphotericin B | 3 | 0.125-16.0 | 0.25 | |||
| Flucytosine | 3 | 64.0 | 64.0 | |||
| Itraconazole | 3 | 0.5-4.0 | 0.5 | |||
| Voriconazole | 2 | 16.0 | ||||
| Rhizopus spp. | Miltefosine | 4 | 2-16 | 8.0 | 16.0 | |
| Amphotericin B | 1 | 0.06 | ||||
| Flucytosine | 1 | 64.0 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 1 | 2.0 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 1 | 4.0 | ||||
| Cunninghamella bertholletiae | Miltefosine | 4 | 2.0-4.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | |
a
The range of MICs is given when <10 isolates were tested.