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. 2006 Feb;50(2):639–648. doi: 10.1128/AAC.50.2.639-648.2006

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Effect of protease inhibitors on P. falciparum development and hemoglobin digestion. Ring-stage in vitro-cultured Dd2-parasitized erythrocytes were incubated for 20 h with either 1 μM chloroquine or 10 μM E64, pepstatin A (Pep), ritonavir (Rit), saquinavir (Saq), atazanavir (Ataz), or ritonavir-lopinavir (Kaletra [Kal]). In parallel controls, parasites were treated with an equivalent concentration of DMSO drug solvent. (A) Micrographs of representative Giemsa-stained parasitized erythrocytes. (B) Effect of protease inhibitors on P. falciparum hemoglobin hydrolysis (15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Arrows indicate inhibition of hemoglobin digestion by chloroquine (CQ; partial) and E64. RBC, uninfected red blood cells.