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. 2026 Jan 16;88:677–688. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2026.01.034

Table 2.

Recorded oral parameters and measured lesion depths of participants.

Oral parameters Test drink (Phenolic compound-enriched apple juice-based drink)
Placebo (Phenolic compound-free drink)
Baseline n = 30a After 2 weeks n = 26a Adj. p-valueb Baseline n = 30a After 2 weeks n = 29a Adj. p-valueb
Lesion depth (µm) − −2.56 (24.00) − − −2.87 (18.6) −
Saliva flow rate (mL/min) 2.51 (1.28) 2.41 (1.35) 0.92 2.28 (1.26) 2.61 (1.59) 0.19
Saliva buffer capacity (mmol/L/pH) 5.88 (1.00) 5.47 (0.95) 0.44 5.66 (1.28) 5.31 (1.22) 0.19
Saliva pH value 7.77 (0.25) 7.75 (0.33) 0.92 7.82 (0.25) 7.73 (0.29) 0.19
Plaque Index 1.88 (0.68) 2.07 (0.61) 0.70 2.01 (0.54) 2.18 (0.68) 0.19
Gingivitis Index 0.62 (0.31) 0.70 (0.21) 0.72 0.6 (0.24) 0.71 (0.25) 0.19
DMFT 5.54 (4.85) 5.79 (4.89) 0.92 5.67 (4.75) 5.67 (4.75) 1.00

aMean (SD), b paired t-Test, p-values adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg correction, DMFT = decay missing filled teeth, Gingivitis Index (Ranges from 0 to 3).