Table 3.

Mapping influencing factors to age-friendly design dimensions.

Design dimension and specific barrier			Influencing factor level		Design solution
Perceptibility
	Age-related visual/auditory decline and forgetfulness	Individual		Multimodal reminders (visual, auditory, and tactile), large fonts, high-contrast colors, and voice broadcasts.
Comprehensibility
	Low digital literacy and technology anxiety	Individual		Use simple, clear interfaces, videos, images, and skeuomorphic design (eg, a “virtual pillbox”) to reduce the learning curve.
	Information overload and alert fatigue	Interventional		Prioritize essential information, allow user-controlled reminder schedules, and transparent data handling.
Operability
	Complex navigation and small touch targets	Technical		Large touch targets, gesture tolerance, voice commands, and adaptive interface that simplifies with use.
Emotional warmth
	Weak health motivation	Individual		Positive reinforcement messages and personalized encouragement (eg, “Great job this week!”).
	Lack of family/peer support	Social-environmental		Family/caregiver communication channels and peer group features.
	Living alone	Social-environmental		Incorporate regular human-like check-ins and avoid purely automated, impersonal systems.
Security-interoperability
	No integration with clinical workflows	Technical and interventional		Bidirectional EHRa integration, seamless clinician feedback loops, and strengthened information security.

^aEHR: electronic health record.