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. 2026 Jul 17;26:790. doi: 10.1186/s12888-026-08427-w

Table 3.

Frequency distribution of the neurobehavioral rating disorders among adult post traumatic brain injury patients (N = 196)

Neurobehavioral domain Proportion, %
Not present Present/severity
Mild Moderate Severe
Intentional behavior
 Disorientation 51.6 10.9 19.5 18.0
 Memory difficulties 39.1 28.1 14.8 18.0
 Self-Appraisal Difficulties 66.9 11.8 13.2 7.9
 Blunted Affect 51.2 26.8 19.7 2.4
 Conceptual Disorganization 61.4 18.1 18.9 1.6
 Difficulty in Mental Flexibility 60.6 24.4 10.2 4.7
 Difficulty in Planning 54.3 22.1 7.9 15.8
 Decreased Initiative or motivation 46.5 29.1 17.3 7.1
Emotional state
 Anxiety 27.6 57.5 14.2 0.8
 Depressive Mood 19.5 48.4 26.6 5.5
 Emotional Withdrawal 25.0 39.8 32.8 2.3
Survival oriented behaviour
 Hyperactivity and Agitation 54.7 30.5 12.5 2.3
 Unusual Thought Content 79.2 16.8 3.2 0.8
 Lability of Mood 75.2 12.8 9.6 2.4
 Irritability 69.3 23.6 9.0 0.0
 Disinhibition 82.7 7.09 4.7 5.51
 Excitement 94.5 3.9 1.6 0.0
 Hostility 86.6 10.2 3.2 0.0
 Suspiciousness 81.9 13.4 4.7 0.0
Arousal state
 Reduced alertness 28.9 41.4 25.8 3.9
 Attentional difficulties 53.5 14.2 23.6 8.7
 Motor Slowing 52.3 25.8 15.6 6.3
 Mental Fatigability 44.1 35.4 17.3 3.2
Language
 Difficulties in Articulation 57.8 19.5 10.9 11.7
 Difficulties in Oral Expression 57.8 18.0 11.7 15.5
 Difficulties in Oral Comprehension 53.9 20.3 12.5 13.3
Exaggerated somatic concern 90.6 10.0 1.0 1.0
Hallucinations 72.4 9.5 11.8 6.3
Guilt 73.2 19.7 6.3 0.8