Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the included trials.
| Characteristic | Davies 2025 (11) CagriSema | Davies 2025 Placebo | Enebo 2021 (8) CagriSema | Enebo 2021 Placebo + Semaglutide 2.4 mg | Frias 2023 (9) CagriSema | Frias 2023 Semaglutide | Garvey 2025 (10) CagriSema | Garvey 2025 Semaglutide | Garvey 2025 Placebo | Yamauchi 2026 (12) CagriSema | Yamauchi 2026 Semaglutide |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes status | Type 2 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | No diabetes | No diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | No diabetes | No diabetes | No diabetes | With/without T2D | With/without T2D |
| Phase of trial | Phase 3a | — | Phase 1b | — | Phase 2 | — | Phase 3a | — | — | Phase 3a | — |
| Starting dose | 0.25 mg | — | 0.16 mg | — | 0.25 mg | — | 0.25 mg | — | — | 0.25 mg | — |
| Escalation interval | Every 4 weeks | — | Every 4 weeks | — | Every 4 weeks | — | Every 4 weeks | — | — | Every 4 weeks | — |
| Target dose | 2.4 mg | — | 2.4 mg | — | 2.4 mg | 2.4 mg | 2.4 mg | 2.4 mg | — | 2.4 mg | 2.4 mg |
| Time to target dose | 16 weeks | — | 16 weeks | — | 16 weeks | — | 16 weeks | — | — | 16 weeks | — |
| Total treatment duration | 68 weeks | — | 20 weeks | — | 32 weeks | — | 68 weeks | — | — | 68 weeks | — |
| Sample size (n) | 904 | 302 | 12 | 20 | 31 | 31 | 2108 | 302 | 705 | 164 | 167 |
| Age, years (mean) | 55.9 | 56.5 | 43.0 | 41.0 | 56 | 57 | 47.1 | 47.4 | 46.7 | 50.9 | 51.4 |
| Female, n (%) | 429 (47.5) | 140 (46.4) | 7 (58) | 7 (35) | 13 (42) | 13 (42) | 1441 (68.4) | 199 (65.9) | 461 (65.4) | 58 (35) | 47 (28) |
| Male, n (%) | 475 (52.5) | 162 (53.6) | 5 (42) | 13 (65) | 18 (58) | 18 (58) | 667 (31.6) | 103 (34.1) | 244 (34.6) | 106 (65) | 120 (72) |
| Body weight, kg (mean) | 101.9 | 103.3 | 92.1 | 99.6 | 104.3 | 105.4 | 107.2 | 105.9 | 106.6 | 95.2 | 95.4 |
| BMI, kg/m² (mean) | 36.1 | 36.4 | 32.2 | 32.2 | 35.9 | 36.2 | 38.0 | 37.4 | 37.8 | 34.2 | 34.0 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 115.6 | 116.4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 115.0 | 114.2 | 114.1 | 111.0 | 110.8 |
| HbA1c, % (mean) | 8.0 | 8.0 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.3 |
| IWQOL-Lite-CT score (mean) | 59.0 | 59.7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 54.0 | 55.2 | 54.7 | 64.0 | 62.5 |
| SF-36v2 Physical Functioning | 44.8 | 44.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 45.7 | 46.6 | 45.7 | 51.9 | 51.0 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg (mean) | 130.2 | 130.2 | 121 | 131 | 130 | 128 | 126.8 | 127.0 | 128.1 | 129.0 | 127.8 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg (mean) | 80.4 | 80.4 | 79 | 86 | 80 | 79 | 82.0 | 81.8 | 82.5 | 83.1 | 83.1 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.11 | 2.16 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.90 | 2.77 | 2.87 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.26 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
CagriSema, co-administered cagrilintide and semaglutide; BMI, body-mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; IWQOL-Lite-CT, Impact of Weight on Quality of Life–Lite Clinical Trials Version; SF-36v2, Short Form 36-Item Health Survey version 2; BP, blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NR, not reported; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
Garvey 2025 was a four-group trial. Its CagriSema arm contributes to both comparator strata, its semaglutide arm to the CagriSema-versus-semaglutide stratum, and its placebo arm to the CagriSema-versus-placebo stratum. The cagrilintide-alone arm of that trial was not eligible for either comparison and is not shown. Lipid values for Garvey 2025 are converted from mg/dL.
In Enebo 2021 all participants, in every arm, received background semaglutide 2.4 mg; randomisation determined only the addition of cagrilintide or matching placebo, so the comparator column represents semaglutide 2.4 mg monotherapy. Baseline characteristics for that comparator are those of the pooled placebo group; the analysis denominator of 20 refers to the cohort 1–5 pool used for the body-weight analyses.
All efficacy estimates in this review are taken under the trial-product estimand.