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. 2026 Jul 23;16:569. doi: 10.1038/s41398-026-04294-x

Table 2.

Differences in gradient range between rumination and distraction in the Rum-Beijing and the Rum-MDD datasets.

IPCAS PKUGE PKUSIEMENS HC MDD
t p Cohen’s f2 t p Cohen’s f2 t p Cohen’s f2 t p Cohen’s f2 t p Cohen’s f2
Gradient Range primary-transmodal gradient −2.291 0.027 0.179 −2.202 0.031 0.061 −2.060 0.046 0.145 −3.034 0.003 0.103 −1.524 0.134 0.092
visual-sensorimotor gradient 3.163 0.006 0.359 4.043 <0.001 0.389 5.851 <0.001 0.747 3.372 0.003 0.345 4.664 <0.001 0.676

HC healthy control, MDD major depressive disorder.