TABLE 4.
Results of the statistical analysis for the spatio temporal parameters across the three experimental groups (HCs, FMDs, OMDs). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05; post hoc comparisons were corrected using the Bonferroni method.
| Variables | Group | ST | mDT | cDT | vDT | Group effect p-value | Task effect p-value | T x G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stride length | 1.HC | 1.27 ± 0.13 | 1.25 ± 0.14 | 1.20 ± 0.15 | 1.31 ± 0.13 |
<0.001(1-2; 1-3);
ηp²= 0.101 |
<0.001 (ST-mDT*; ST-cDT*; mDT-cDT*; mDT-vDT*; cDT-vDT*) |
0.022* |
| 2.FMD | 1.17 ± 0.27 | 1.11 ± 0.28 | 1.07 ± 0.25 | 1.15 ± 0.28 | ||||
| 3.OMD | 1.10 ± 0.19 | 1.08 ± 0.18 | 1.04 ± 0.18 | 1.13 ± 0.18 | ||||
| Gait cycle duration | 1.HC | 1.14 ± 0.08 | 1.17 ± 0.10 | 1.23 ± 0.13 | 1.11 ± 0.13 |
<0.001(1-2; 1-3);
ηp² = 0.131 |
<0.001 (ST-mDT *; ST-cDT *; mDT-cDT *; mDT-vDT *; cDT-vDT *); 0.002 (ST-vDT) * | 0.128 |
| 2.FMD | 1.20 ± 0.13 | 1.27 ± 0.16 | 1.33 ± 0.20 | 1.20 ± 0.13 | ||||
| 3.OMD | 1.21 ± 0.12 | 1.25 ± 0.12 | 1.33 ± 0.18 | 1.19 ± 0.11 | ||||
| Speed | 1.HC | 1.11 ± 0.15 | 1.09 ± 0.15 | 0.98 ± 0.17 | 1.17 ± 0.14 |
<0.001(1-2; 1-3);
ηp²= 0.174 |
<0.001 (ST-mDT *; ST-cDT *; mDT-cDT*; mDT-vDT *; cDT-vDT *); 0.009 (ST-vDT)A,C | 0.022* |
| 2.FMD | 0.96 ± 0.30 | 0.89 ± 0.30 | 0.81 ± 0.27 | 0.96 ± 0.30 | ||||
| 3.OMD | 0.92 ± 0.19 | 0.87 ± 0.17 | 0.78 ± 0.20 | 0.94 ± 0.20 | ||||
| Stride time variability | 1.HC | 3.00 ± 1.32 | 2.76 ± 1.26 | 3.16 ± 1.42 | 2.51 ± 1.14 |
<0.001(1-2; 2-3);
ηp²= 0.137 |
<0.001 (ST-cDT B,C; mDT-cDT *; cDT-vDT*); 0.002 (ST-cDT A,C; mDT-vDT A,B) | <0.001 |
| 2.FMD | 3.68 ± 1.79 | 4.15 ± 2.14 | 4.20 ± 3.00 | 3.75 ± 2.17 | ||||
| 3.OMD | 3.20 ± 1.34 | 2.86 ± 1.39 | 4.00 ± 2.24 | 2.71 ± 1.13 |
ST: Single task; mDT: motor dual-task; cDT: Cognitive dual-task; T: Task, G; Group; HC: Healthy control; FMD: Function motor disorders; OMD: Organic motor disorders. Bold p values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05). Superscripts applied to the p values for the task effect indicate in which groups the variation between tasks was significant: * indicates a significant difference observed in all groups; a indicates a significant difference only in the HC group; b indicates a significant difference only in the FMD group; c indicates a significant difference only in the OMD group. ηp2 indicates partial eta squared, reported as a measure of effect size for the fixed effects of the model. According to Cohen’s conventions, ηp2 values of 0.01, 0.06, and 0.14 correspond approximately to small, medium, and large effects, respectively