Table 3.

Hierarchical regression analysis predicting smartphone addiction.

Model	R2	Adj. R2	ΔR2	F	p	ΔF	ΔF p
Model 1: Controls	0.056	0.054	0.056	28.784	< 0.001	28.784	< 0.001
Model 2: + Social Support	0.109	0.107	0.053	52.364	< 0.001	205.401	< 0.001
Model 3: + Depression & Anxiety	0.236	0.234	0.127	105.761	< 0.001	284.647	< 0.001
Model 4: + Avoidance	0.494	0.492	0.257	303.027	< 0.001	1738.640	< 0.001

Model 1 entered the control variables (age, gender, only-child status, BMI category, parents’ education level, family size and self-rated physical health). ΔF tests the increment in R² at each step.