Table 2.
Adjusted percent difference in geometric mean p-tau217 associated with covariates
| Predictor (vs reference) | % change in p-tau 217 | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| No OSA v. Untreated OSA | 27.1 | −17.1–56.6 | 0.25 |
| No psychiatric disease v. psychiatric disease | 14.1 | −24.0–61.9 | 0.49 |
| No Epilepsy v. Epilepsy | 12.7 | −22.0–60.3 | 0.42 |
| Non-White v. White Race | 13.0 | −18.5–56.6 | 0.46 |
| APOE carrier negative v. APOE carrier positive | 11.3 | −26.3–67.5 | 0.58 |
| No cardiac history v. cardiac history | 12.4 | −12.0–43.5 | 0.35 |
| ASD v. No ASD | 11.9 | −12.8–43.7 | 0.38 |
| DSwR v. NDD Control | 11.0 | −23.2–60.3 | 0.58 |
| Female v. Male Sex | 4.9 | −15.1–29.6 | 0.66 |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.8 | −1.7–3.5 | 0.53 |
| Treated OSA v. Untreated OSA | −0.1 | −33.6–50.5 | 1.00 |
| No cancer history v. cancer history | −0.5 | −68.8–227.7 | 0.99 |
| No immunologic condition v. immunologic condition | −0.5 | −33.4–48.7 | 0.98 |
| DSwR v. DSRD | −1.7 | −25.8–30.3 | 0.91 |
| Age at collection (per 1 year) | −2.6 | −6.2–1.1 | 0.17 |
| No diabetes v diabetes | −6.4 | −37.6–40.4 | 0.75 |
| NDD v. DSRD | −11.4 | −40.1–31.1 | 0.54 |
| No thyroid disease v. thyroid disease | −17.5 | −40.5–14.5 | 0.25 |
| Mild ID v. No/Minimal ID | −23.8 | −65.2–67.1 | 0.50 |
| Moderate ID v no/minimal ID | −24.0 | −64.3–61.9 | 0.48 |
| Severe ID v. no/minimal ID | −28.9 | −69.6–66.2 | 0.43 |
Estimates were derived from multivariable linear regression with log-transformed p-tau217 as the dependent variable and heteroskedasticity-consistent (HC3) robust standard errors. Regression coefficients were back-transformed and are presented as percentage differences in geometric mean p-tau217, calculated as 100 × [exp(β) − 1], with 95% confidence intervals derived from the robust standard errors. All tests were two-sided. Reported p values were not adjusted for multiple comparisons; estimates from the broader clinical model were exploratory.
ASD Autism spectrum disorder, BMI body mass index, DS Down syndrome, DS-ASD Down syndrome with autism spectrum disorder, DSwR Down syndrome without regression, DSRD Down syndrome regression disorder, ID intellectual disability, NDD neurodevelopmental disorder, OSA obstructive sleep apnea.