Table 3.

T-Test for Sports Competition Rumination and Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation by Gender Among Professional Athletes

	Gender	N	Mean	df	Cohen’s d	Std. Dev.	t	p
Sports Competition Rumination Total	Women	289	22.63	655	0.247	5.08	3.121	0.002
	Male	368	21.28			5.80
Power-Oriented Motivation	Female	289	45.03	655	0.028	4.60	0.341	0.733
	Male	368	44.89			5.36
Approach Motivation	Women	289	65.83	655	0.014	5.54	0.197	0.844
	Male	368	65.74			6.60
Motivation to Avoid Failure	Female	289	45.17	655	0.146	3.74	1.870	0.062
	Male	368	44.57			4.43
Sport-Specific Achievement Motivation	Women	289	156.05	655	0.069	10.27	0.867	0.386
	Male	368	155.21			13.71