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. 2026 Oct 7;14:1924151. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1924151

Table 4.

Association of APOs subtypes with blood pressure trajectory groups.

APOs SBP DBP MAP
aRR (95% CI)
Low-level trajectory Ref. Ref. Ref.
Medium-level trajectory
Gestational hypertension (n = 188) 1.09 (0.96–1.22) 0.96 (0.85–1.12) 1.12 (0.98–1.37)
Preeclampsia/eclampsia (n = 55) 0.93 (0.77–1.20) 0.88 (0.65–1.04) 0.87 (0.78–1.13)
GDM (n = 171) 1.11 (0.95–1.22) 0.99 (0.88–1.06) 1.04 (0.92–1.19)
PTB (n = 76) 1.03 (0.99–1.27) 0.99 (0.91–1.13) 0.90 (0.80–1.11)
LBW (n = 44) 1.12 (0.85–1.36) 0.88 (0.60–1.18) 0.86 (0.57–1.14)
High-level trajectory
Gestational hypertension (n = 188) 1.13 (0.70–1.55) 1.99 (1.31–2.35) 1.91 (1.03–3.72)
Preeclampsia/eclampsia (n = 55) 1.63 (1.18–2.37) 1.98 (1.37–2.77) 1.60 (0.91–2.76)
GDM (n = 171) 2.11 (1.45–3.39) 1.46 (1.03–1.64) 1.74 (1.05–3.26)
PTB (n = 76) 2.01 (1.29–2.89) 1.54 (1.24–2.14) 2.56 (1.21–4.08)
LBW (n = 44) 1.06 (0.43–2.38) 1.45 (0.66–2.26) 1.28 (0.27–2.88)

aRR, adjusted risk ratio.

Reference categories: non-APOs (for exposure); low-level trajectory (for outcome).

Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for maternal age at delivery; Model 3: additionally adjusted for blood pressure during pregnancy, BMI during pregnancy, household income, education level, physical activity level, and alcohol consumption based on Model 2.