Table 3.
Outcomes by Social Vulnerability Intensity in Propensity Score-Matched Adults With HIV/HBV Coinfection
| Outcome | 1-domain SV (N=2,944) | ≥2-domain SV (N=1,490) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Survival | ||||
| All-cause mortality | 1.99 (1.61–2.45) | <0.001 | 1.61 (1.19–2.17) | 0.002 |
| Liver disease and HBV viremia | ||||
| Liver composite | 1.41 (1.02–1.93) | 0.035 | 2.49 (1.62–3.85) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic decompensation | 1.76 (1.17–2.65) | 0.006 | 2.62 (1.53–4.48) | <0.001 |
| HBV viremia and liver inflammation | ||||
| HBV DNA ≥2,000 IU/mL | 1.51 (1.10–2.08) | 0.010 | 1.99 (1.36–2.91) | <0.001 |
| Significant ALT elevation (≥100 IU/L) | 1.35 (1.03–1.77) | 0.030 | 1.76 (1.30–2.40) | <0.001 |
| Significant AST elevation (≥100 IU/L) | 1.37 (1.10–1.71) | 0.006 | 1.85 (1.40–2.44) | <0.001 |
| Liver synthetic function | ||||
| Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 ×109/L) | 1.25 (0.99–1.57) | 0.066 | 1.85 (1.39–2.48) | <0.001 |
| Hypoalbuminemia (albumin <3.5 g/dL) | 1.45 (1.17–1.81) | 0.001 | 2.32 (1.76–3.05) | <0.001 |
| Coagulopathy (INR >1.5) | 1.48 (1.17–1.88) | 0.001 | 2.48 (1.84–3.35) | <0.001 |
| HIV disease control | ||||
| HIV RNA >50 copies/mL | 1.87 (1.50–2.33) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.54–2.74) | <0.001 |
| CD4 count <200 cells/μL | 1.42 (1.09–1.85) | 0.010 | 2.09 (1.51–2.88) | <0.001 |
| Extrahepatic outcomes | ||||
| MACE | 1.47 (1.17–1.84) | 0.001 | 1.68 (1.25–2.27) | 0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.52 (1.17–1.98) | 0.002 | 1.54 (1.10–2.16) | 0.011 |
| Heart failure | 1.56 (1.12–2.19) | 0.009 | 2.17 (1.45–3.25) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.77 (1.27–2.47) | 0.001 | 2.40 (1.65–3.49) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 1.27 (0.99–1.65) | 0.064 | 1.72 (1.22–2.42) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes | 1.35 (1.08–1.68) | 0.008 | 1.68 (1.26–2.23) | <0.001 |
Hazard ratios compare adults with HIV/HBV coinfection with 1-domain or ≥2-domain social vulnerability with propensity score-matched adults with HIV/HBV coinfection and no documented social vulnerability. N indicates the total matched cohort size for each comparison; outcome-specific denominators may vary after exclusion of individuals with pre-follow-up evidence of the corresponding outcome. Significant ALT and AST elevations were defined as ≥3× upper limit of normal or ≥100 U/L. ALT indicates alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; CKD, chronic kidney disease; INR, international normalized ratio.