Table 5.

Quantitative performance comparison between optimized WGAN-GP model and original WGAN-GP model.

Model metric	Optimized WGAN-GP model	Original WGAN-GP model	Metric description
FID	21.15 ± 1.31	24.72 ± 1.85	Distance between the distribution of generated images and children’s hand-drawn sketches; lower values indicate better fitting performance
IS	2.87 ± 0.16	2.41 ± 0.21	Quantitative measurement of detail richness and creative diversity of generated images
LPIPS	0.13 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.03	Perceptual similarity between generated images and original sketches; lower values denote superior creative derivation effect
Loss convergence improvement rate	29.7%	–	Percentage reduction in iterations required to reach the target loss value
R2 (pixel fitting coefficient of determination)	0.912 ± 0.031	0.865 ± 0.042	Pixel matching degree between generated images and children’s sketches