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. 2026 Oct 8;13:1965501. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1965501

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© 2026 Jia, Yu, Xue, Pan, Jiang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Circular diagram illustrating autoimmune nephropathy therapies for IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and primary membranous nephropathy. Therapies are color-coded: BAFF-targeted (Belimumab), APRIL-targeted (Sibeprenlimab, Zigakibart), and dual BAFF/APRIL-targeted (Telitacicept, Atacicept, Povetacicept). Legend explains color codes. — BAFF/APRIL-targeting biologics currently under clinical trials for IgAN, LN, and pMN. A larger circle indicates more advanced clinical development of the biologic in that disease.