Appendix Table A1:

Cancer mortality rates according to counties clustered by health factors included in the adapted 2025 University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute Model of Health, US (N = 3,079 counties)^a

Health Factor Clusterb	Z-score Range	N, Countiesb	All cancer	Lung	Colorectal	Breast (female)	Prostate (male)
1 (most healthy)	−1.53 to −0.72	194	126.2	23.7	10.5	17.2	17.3
2	−0.72 to −0.46	442	136.8	27.8	11.5	18.2	18.3
3	−0.46 to −0.24	448	143.1	30.4	12.1	18.9	18.2
4	−0.24 to −0.03	540	150.5	34.0	13.0	19.6	18.2
5	−0.03 to 0.18	419	148.7	29.9	13.7	20.0	19.6
6	0.18 to 0.40	350	154.0	33.2	14.3	20.8	19.4
7	0.40 to 0.64	318	165.3	36.8	15.6	21.2	20.5
8	0.64 to 0.91	209	170.1	37.0	16.4	22.4	22.0
9	0.91 to 1.25	116	144.4	26.5	13.6	19.4	18.5
10 (least healthy)	1.28 to 1.88	43	165.5	24.2	19.2	19.1	21.1

^aData presented as the mean of the county-level age-standardized mortality rates for the years 2018-2022 weighted by the inverse of the squared standard error.

^bRepresents the total number of counties in each cluster for all cancer sites combined. The number of counties for each outcome is: all cancer – 3,079; lung cancer – 2,745; colorectal cancer – 2,180; breast cancer – 1,778; prostate cancer – 1,612.