Table 2.

Transgenic mouse models of AD: AD-like pathology, sensory and motor changes, and cognitive deficits

Transgenic Mice	Type of Pathology	Behavioral Assays for Pain	Mechanism	Motor Alterations	Cognitive Defects	Studies
TASTPM Double transgenic	Amyloid deposits no tangles; microgliosis and reactive astrocytes in hippocampus, thalamus and cortex at 6 mo of age. Amyloid deposits in spinal cord at 12 mo of age	Reduced sensitivity to acute heat stimuli Reduced sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in models of chronic pain	Increased opioidergic tone Emergence of dorsal horn microglia, which is unresponsive to ATP and neuron-derived galectin-3	Decreased spontaneous activity. Intact motor coordination	From 6 mo of age	Aman et al152 Pugh et al153 Aman et al154 Silva et al155 Sideris-Lampretsas et al95
CRND8 transgenic mice (TgCRND8)	Amyloid deposition in the brain at 3 mo of age Aβ peptide in sensory neurons	Reduced sensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli	Reduced levels of pronociceptive peptides in sensory neurons	Not tested	From 3 mo of age	Shukla et al156
H Tau. P301S (hTau)	Tau pathology, neurofibrillary tangles at 6 mo of age and neuronal loss	Hyposensitivity to mechanical stimuli in young mice. Heat hypersensitivity at 10 m of age	Hyperphosphorylated tau aggregate in sensory neurons; reduced axonal transport of mitochondria disruption of axonal conduction	Hyperactivity; motor coordination deficits from 4 mo of age	From 3 mo of age	Mellone et al157 Lopez-Gonzalez et al158 Takeuchi et al159
5xFAD	Amyloid deposits at 3 mo of age and tangles by 12 mo of age	Heat and cold sensitivity unaltered at 12 mo of age	Not investigated	Normal	Between 3 and 6 mo of age	Oddo et al160 Baeta-Corral et al161