Table 4. Education and gender equity gaps across all 4 models^a.

Model	Modal MAEb		EADc	EAD
EAD	Perception	Information	Perception	Information
Education gap (low-high)
Sonnet 4.5	0.88	0.03	0.44	−0.02
Opus 4.6	0.13	0.03	−0.13	−0.06
GPT-5.2	−0.13	0.19	−0.06	0.04
GPT-4.1	0.25	0.13	−0.08	0.05
Gender gap (male-female)
Sonnet 4.5	0.13	−0.03	−0.05	−0.02
Opus 4.6	0	0.13	−0.02	0.04
GPT-5.2	0.38	−0.06	−0.06	0.01
GPT-4.1	0.63	0	−0.03	0

^aThe upper block reports the education gap (edu-low minus edu-high); the lower block reports the gender gap. Positive values indicate poorer alignment for the low-education or male subgroup, respectively. Italicized values mark the largest absolute gap per metric column within each block.

^bMAE: mean absolute error.

^cEAD: expected absolute distance.