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. 2026 Oct 9;17:1980516. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1980516

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Copyright © 2026 Musau, Lamont, Musyoki, Odera, Onyango, Wandiga, Nzuki, Morrison, Mumo, Sherman, Mureithi and Nduba.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Study workflow diagram showing seven stages: initial source population of 1,053 MTBC isolates, proportional stratified sampling, isolate revival and re-culturing, replacement and enrichment for statistical power, genomic laboratory processing, bioinformatics pipeline and quality control, and final analysis cohort of 290 genomes. — Study workflow and isolate selection for genomic characterization. MTBC, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; WGS, whole-genome sequencing; MGIT, Mycobacteria growth indicator tube; CTAB, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; QC, quality control. Selection strategy transitioned from proportional stratified sampling to convenience enrichment to prioritize drug-resistance characterization. The figure has been adapted/revised from the previously published figure, rather than reproduced verbatim. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY). Source: Frontiers in Tuberculosis (Musau et al., 2026).