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. 2026 Oct 9;17:1980516. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1980516

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Copyright © 2026 Musau, Lamont, Musyoki, Odera, Onyango, Wandiga, Nzuki, Morrison, Mumo, Sherman, Mureithi and Nduba.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Horizontal bar chart titled “Lineage Distribution of M. tuberculosis Isolates” displays various lineages on the vertical axis and the number of isolates on the horizontal axis, with Lineage 2.2.1 having the highest count near 60. — Distribution of MTBC isolates by lineage and sub-lineage, showing predominance of Beijing (Lineage 2.2.1), CAS (Lineage 3), and multiple Lineage 4 families, reflecting high genetic diversity among isolates from Western Kenya.