. 2026 Oct 9;17:1977402. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1977402

Table 3.

The physiochemical characteristics and antioxidant phytochemicals of the juice samples.

TC	DPPH (%)	TPC (mg GAE/100 mL Juice)	TFC (mg QE/100 mL Juice)	FRAP (μmol Fe²⁺/mL)	Vitamin C (mg/100 mL)	pH	TSS (°Brix)
NC	37.87^a ± 1.06	48.09^a ± 0.23	19.54^a ± 0.34	3.00^a ± 0.05	9.14^b ± 0.05	5.63^k ± 0.15	9.95^f ± 0.04
PC	39.95^a ± 0.19	51.65^b ± 0.57	20.23^b ± 0.48	3.17^b ± 0.05	8.63^ab ± 0.19	5.45^j ± 0.03	9.23^c ± 0.03
T1	63.26^ef ± 0.37	110.70^h ± 0.30	44.71^g ± 0.39	6.48^g ± 0.12	9.34^b ± 0.08	5.34^hi ± 0.04	9.15^c ± 0.04
T2	59.15^de ± 0.07	101.51^g ± 0.46	41.80^d ± 0.33	5.82^f ± 0.12	8.15a ± 1.77	5.26^gh ± 0.04	9.10^bc ± 0.02
T3	54.30^bc ± 0.07	91.77^e ± 0.18	37.92^e ± 0.16	5.44^e ± 0.12	9.04^b ± 0.03	5.42^ij ± 0.04	9.20^c ± 0.02
T4	57.48^cd ± 0.15	98.63^f ± 0.41	40.85^d ± 0.91	5.74^f ± 0.03	9.20^b ± 0.06	5.34^hi ± 0.02	9.12^bc ± 0.02
T5	50.32^b ± 0.12	84.82^c ± 0.16	30.58^c ± 0.58	4.89^c ± 0.12	15.30^g ± 0.46	4.07^a ± 0.05	8.87^b ± 0.05
T6	53.13^bc ± 0.11	89.96^d ± 0.57	33.44^d ± 0.35	5.16^d ± 0.07	11.05^cde ± 0.11	5.13^de ± 0.03	10.26^g ± 0.05
T7	70.75^h ± 0.22	128.84^l ± 0.60	51.48ⁱ ± 0.48	7.50^j ± 0.05	9.46^b ± 0.08	5.27^gh ± 0.06	9.16^c ± 0.06
T8	67.47^fgh ± 0.48	119.65^j ± 0.77	47.82^h ± 0.56	6.92^h ± 0.08	10.69^cd ± 0.24	5.16^ef ± 0.02	9.64^e ± 0.03
T9	64.96^fg ± 0.14	113.02ⁱ ± 0.51	42.42^fg ± 0.47	6.58^g ± 0.07	14.91 g ± 0.11	4.91^b ± 0.03	9.25^cd ± 0.57
T10	68.47^gh ± 0.53	124.00^k ± 0.41	49.19^hi ± 0.16	7.15ⁱ ± 0.07	9.33^b ± 0.12	5.24^fg ± 0.03	9.13^bc ± 0.03
T11	77.88^ij ± 0.17	151.50ⁿ ± 0.47	62.21^k ± 0.33	8.59^l ± 0.15	11.43^de ± 0.28	5.06^cd ± 0.05	9.56^e ± 0.05
T12	75.83ⁱ ± 0.25	144.75^m ± 0.45	57.74^j ± 0.28	8.17^k ± 0.05	10.60^c ± 0.21	5.23^fg ± 0.04	9.09^bc ± 0.03
T13	91.30^l ± 1.62	191.86^r ± 0.23	77.31ⁿ ± 0.23	10.37^p ± 0.1	17.82^h ± 0.13	4.02^a ± 0.05	8.63^a ± 0.05
T14	79.80^ijk ± 0.25	158.12^o ± 0.19	64.02^kl ± 0.23	8.80^m ± 0.14	12.25^f ± 0.07	5.02^c ± 0.06	9.48^de ± 0.04
T15	86.15^kl ± 0.46	178.54^q ± 0.50	72.39^m ± 0.27	9.72^o ± 0.05	17.09^h ± 0.11	4.08^a ± 0.03	8.61^a ± 0.05
T16	81.58^jk ± 0.58	162.67^p ± 0.72	64.97^l ± 2.86	9.09ⁿ ± 0.03	11.75^ef ± 0.07	5.14^de ± 0.03	9.04^bc ± 0.04

Mean ± standard deviation; n = 3; Means with similar letter within the same column do not differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05), according to DMRT; TC–treatment code.