Table 2D.
Participant profile: summary of risk phenotype categorical indicators, among public school teachers in mid-2019 in Gqeberha, South Africa.
| Categorical variables | Category | Frequencyi | Percentagevii |
|---|---|---|---|
| Risk phenotype | |||
| Bone mass risk: Adults > 50 years: T-score < −1.0 (osteopenia/osteoporosis in femoral neck, hip, lumbar spine, and/or whole body) Adults ≤ 50 years: Z-score < −2.0 (below expected range for age in femoral neck, hip, lumbar spine, and/or whole body) |
134 | 100% | |
| No | 94 | 70.1% | |
| Yes | 40 | 29.9% | |
| Fat mass risk: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan derived body fat ≥ 35% for women and ≥ 25% for men |
134 | 100% | |
| No | 11 | 8.2% | |
| Yes | 123 | 91.8% | |
| Lean mass risk: Low appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) (women < 5.5 kg/m2; men < 7.0 kg/m2) and/or absolute maximum grip strength < 25th percentile |
134 | 100% | |
| No | 113 | 84.3% | |
| Yes | 21 | 15.7% | |
| Bone-fat risk | 134 | 100% | |
| No | 97 | 72.4% | |
| Yes | 37 | 27.6% | |
| Fat-lean risk | 134 | 100% | |
| No | 116 | 86.6% | |
| Yes | 18 | 13.4% | |
| Bone-lean risk | 134 | 100% | |
| No | 125 | 93.3% | |
| Yes | 9 | 6.7% | |
| Bone-fat-lean risk | 134 | 100% | |
| No | 126 | 94% | |
| Yes | 8 | 6% | |
| Risk phenotype component count | 134 | 100% | |
| 0 | 6 | 4.5% | |
| 1 | 80 | 59.7% | |
| 2 | 40 | 29.9% | |
| 3 | 8 | 6% | |
iNumber of participants varies across variables due to differing amounts of missing data. iiMeasured with bioelectrical impedance scale (Tanita MC-580). iiiENMO: Euclidean norm minus one, negative values set to zero (average acceleration metric from raw accelerometry), reported in milligravity units (mg). iv MVPA: moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, defined as ENMO ≥70 mg using 60-s epochs. v mg: milligravity. vi Maximum value from 3 trials performed with each hand, regardless of hand dominance. vii Percentages (%) are calculated based on non-missing data for each variable. viii Metabolic syndrome if 3/5 criteria present (central obesity [imputed waist circumference values included], high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and/or hyperglycaemia), defined by the Joint Interim Statement (JIS). ix Met World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity guideline of ≥150 min of MVPA per week.