Skip to main content
. 2026 Jul 2;12:261. doi: 10.1038/s41531-026-01454-0

Table 4.

Demographic information. Normally distributed variables are reported as mean ± standard deviation

MSA all MSA-C MSA-P P-value MSA-C vs MSA-P
Sample size 36 25 11
Age at BL 60.6 ± 6.4 60.9 ± 5.9 59.7 ± 7.7 0.6a
Sex 18 F/18 M 12 F/13 M 6 F/5 M >0.9b
FUP time (years) 0.96 (0.20) 0.97 (0.19) 0.97 ± 0.14 0.9a
MCI status at BL 20 no/16 yes 13 no/12 yes 7 no/4 yes 0.7b
Disease duration (years) 3 (2) 3.0 ± 1.4 2.9 ± 1.3 0.8c
UMSARS-I at BL 19.1 ± 5.2 18.2 ± 4.3 21.2 ± 6.6 0.1c
UMSARS-I at FUP 25.0 ± 5.9 24.6 ± 5.1 26.0 ± 7.4 0.5c
HC P-value HC vs MSA
Sample Size 50
Age 63.9 ± 9.2 0.07a
Sex 26 F/24 M >0.9b

Non-normally distributed variables are reported as median (interquartile range).

BL baseline, FUP follow-up, MCI Mild Cognitive Impairment, UMSARS-I Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale Part I, HC healthy controls.

aT-test.

bexact Fisher test for categorical variables.

cMann-Whitney U test.