Table 1.
Characteristics of the mother-child pair participants for all MARBLES participants in the present study.
| N (%) or median [IQR] | Children with complete MSEL assessments | Baseline population | p-valuec |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 169) | (n = 311) | ||
|
| |||
| Child’s sex | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 96 (57) | 177 (57) | |
| Female | 73 (43) | 134 (43) | |
| Year of birth | 0.20 | ||
| 2007 – 2010a | 62 (37) | 104 (33) | |
| 2011 – 2014 | 56 (33) | 88 (28) | |
| 2015 – 2019a | 51 (30) | 119 (38) | |
| Maternal age at delivery | 0.55 | ||
| < 35 years | 83 (49) | 163 (52) | |
| ≥ 35 years | 86 (51) | 148 (48) | |
| Parity | 0.77 | ||
| ≤ 1 | 74 (44) | 130 (42) | |
| > 1 | 93 (55) | 176 (57) | |
| Missing | 2 (1) | 5 (2) | |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 0.96 | ||
| < 25.0 | 71 (42) | 128 (41) | |
| ≥ 25.0 | 98 (58) | 182 (59) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | 0.52 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 75 (44) | 149 (48) | |
| Hispanic and othersb | 94 (56) | 162 (52) | |
| Maternal education | 0.20 | ||
| Less than bachelor’s degree | 75 (44) | 158 (51) | |
| More than or equal to bachelor’s degree | 94 (56) | 152 (49) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| Homeownership | 0.51 | ||
| Yes | 106 (63) | 182 (59) | |
| No | 60 (36) | 120 (39) | |
| Missing | 3 (2) | 9 (3) | |
| Child autism outcome group | 0.11 | ||
| TD | 115 (68) | 163 (52) | |
| Non-TD | 24 (14) | 43 (14) | |
| Autism | 30 (18) | 71 (23) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 34 (11) | |
|
| |||
| Maternal urinary OPE biomarker concentrations (ng/mL) | |||
| BBOEP | 0.04 [0.02–0.07] | 0.04 [0.02–0.07] | 0.78 |
| BCETP | 0.67 [0.20–1.32] | 0.57 [0.18–1.27] | 0.35 |
| BCPP | 0.48 [0.02–0.98] | 0.37 [0.02–0.95] | 0.25 |
| BDCPP | 0.87 [0.30–1.60] | 0.86 [0.35–1.75] | 0.52 |
| DBUP+DIBP | 0.15 [0.10–0.22] | 0.14 [0.10–0.23] | 0.94 |
| DPHP | 0.90 [0.55–1.56] | 0.79 [0.54–1.43] | 0.60 |
| BEHP | 0.01 [0.01–0.04] | 0.01 [0.01–0.05] | 0.82 |
| BMPP | 0.01 [0.01–0.03] | 0.01 [0.01–0.03] | 0.43 |
| DPRP | 0.02 [0.02–0.04] | 0.02 [0.01–0.05] | 0.56 |
|
| |||
| MSEL T-scores at the 6th month assessment point | |||
| Composite | 98 [91–107] | 98 [91–107] | 0.99 |
| Fine Motor | 46 [46–53] | 46 [46–53] | 0.47 |
| Visual Reception | 51 [45–58] | 51 [45–58] | 0.89 |
| Receptive Language | 50 [44–57] | 50 [44–58] | 0.78 |
| Expressive Language | 42 [42–48] | 42 [42–48] | 0.51 |
a
Children with complete MSEL assessments (n = 169) were born between 2008 and 2017.
b
Includes Black/African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, Other, and more than one race.
c
P-value from the chi-squared test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Abbreviations: body mass index (BMI), Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), non-typical development (non-TD), typical development (TD)