Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Included Patients (N = 100,290)
| Age, y | 71.6 ± 14.3 |
| Body mass index | 30.5 ± 6.9 |
| Sex | |
| Male | 52,765 (52.6) |
| Female | 47,516 (47.3) |
| Unknown | 9 (0.1) |
| Race | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 453 (0.5) |
| Asian | 1,886 (1.8) |
| Black | 18,208 (18.2) |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 230 (0.2) |
| White | 76,417 (76.2) |
| Unknown | 3,096 (3.08) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Hispanic | 9,558 (8.7) |
| Non-Hispanic | 89,960 (89.7) |
| Unknown | 772 (0.7) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 47,730 (47.6) |
| Single | 19,144 (19.1) |
| Smoking status | |
| Current | 11,151 (11.1) |
| Former | 37,726 (37.6) |
| Deceased status | |
| Alive | 79,745 (79.5) |
| Deceased | 20,545 (20.5) |
| Prior comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 82,795 (82.6) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 44,929 (44.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 46,333 (46.2) |
| Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease | 51,224 (51.1) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 43,024 (42.9) |
| Myocardial infarction | 26,918 (26.84) |
| Cardiomyopathy | 30,278 (30.2) |
| Heart failure by LVEF | |
| HFpEF (LVEF ≥50%) | 41,878 (41.7) |
| Unknown | 34,945 (34.8) |
| HFrEF (LVEF ≤40%) | 14,162 (14.2) |
| HFimpEF (previous LVEF ≤40%; follow-up LVEF >40%) | 4,893 (4.87) |
| HFmrEF (LVEF 41%–49%) | 4,413 (4.4) |
| Amyloidosis diagnosis | 1,108 (1) |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%).
HFimpEF = heart failure with improved ejection fraction; HFmrEF = heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF= heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction.