Table 2.

Timeline of clinical events

Time point	Clinical events
Day 0 (presentation)	Patient presented with fever, cough, and dyspnea. CBC, pleural fluid analysis sent. Empirical intravenous antibiotics were initiated. Chest imaging showed tension hydropneumothorax. Chest tube was inserted
Day 1	Sputum GeneXpert resulted positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anti-TB therapy was initiated along with pyridoxine
Day 2	The patient was transferred to the ICU, and the surgical team was consulted due to continuous bubbling in the chest tube. A diagnosis of bronchopleural fistula was made, supported by the presence of a persistent air leak. Clinical monitoring was continued
Day 3–7	Ongoing ICU management included chest tube drainage, intravenous antibiotics, and close monitoring of respiratory status and chest tube output
Day 8–week 4	The patient was transferred to the medical ward, where the same management was continued. A follow-up chest CT demonstrated lung re-expansion, and clindamycin was added
Week 4–6	Gradual clinical improvement noted, with reduction in air leak and improved pulmonary status. Laboratory markers improved. Chest tube was removed. Follow-up chest CT was repeated
Week 6	The patient was discharged in stable condition on the initiation phase of antitubercular therapy, with plans for short-term follow-up