| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| ddH2O | double-distilled water |
| He | expected heterozygosity |
| IGF | insulin-like growth factor |
| IGF1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| IGF1R | insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
| Ne | effective number of alleles |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| PIC | polymorphism information content |
| PI3K | phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| SNP | single-nucleotide polymorphism |
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